- Python is a versatile and widely-used programming language known for its simplicity and readability.
- In this blog post, we'll explore the fundamentals of Python, including basic syntax, primitive data types, type handling, mathematical operators, comparison operators, and logical operators, with in-depth explanations and step-by-step examples.
1. Basic Syntax 📝
- Python's syntax is designed for easy comprehension and readability. Let's dive into the details:
- Indentation: Python uses indentation to define code blocks. Indentation helps in organizing your code logically. For example:
-
if True: print("This is indented")
-
Comments: Comments are essential for code documentation. Use the "#" symbol to add comments to your code.
-
# This is a comment - Variables: Python is dynamically typed, meaning you don't need to specify the data type when declaring a variable.
-
x = 5 y = "Hello, World!" - Print Statements:To display output, use the print() function.
-
print(x) print(y)
2. Primitive Data Types 💡
- Python supports several primitive data types:
- Integers: Whole numbers like 5 or -10.
- Floats. : Numbers with a decimal point, such as 3.14, -0.5.
- Strings: Text enclosed in single or double quotes, e.g. "Python" or 'Hello'.
- Booleans: Binary values, either True or False.
- None: A special type representing the absence of a value.
3. Type Error, Type Checking, and Type Casting 🔄
- Type Errors: Python raises a "TypeError" when you try to perform an operation on data of an incompatible type.
-
x = 5 y = "10" # This will raise a TypeError z = x + y
-
Type Checking: You can check the type of a variable using the type() function.
-
x = 5 print(type(x)) # Output: <class 'int'>
-
Type Casting: Sometimes, you need to convert data from one type to another. Python provides functions like int(), float(), and str() for this purpose.
-
x = 5 y = "10" z = x + int(y) # Converts y to an integer and adds it to x print(z) # Output: 15
4. Mathematical Operators 🧮
- Python supports various mathematical operators for numerical calculations. Here's a detailed example that builds a basic calculator:
-
# Calculator example num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: ")) num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: ")) # Addition addition = num1 + num2 # Subtraction subtraction = num1 - num2 # Multiplication multiplication = num1 * num2 # Division division = num1 / num2 # Modulo modulo = num1 % num2 # Exponentiation exponentiation = num1 ** num2 print(f"Addition: {addition}") print(f"Subtraction: {subtraction}") print(f"Multiplication: {multiplication}") print(f"Division: {division}") print(f"Modulo: {modulo}") print(f"Exponentiation: {exponentiation}"
5. Comparison Operators 🔄
- Comparison operators are used to compare values in Python. They include:
- == (Equal): Checks if two values are equal.
- != (Not Equal): Checks if two values are not equal.
- < (Less Than): Checks if one value is less than another.
- > (Greater Than): Checks if one value is greater than another.
- <= (Less Than or Equal): Checks if one value is less than or equal to another.
- >= (Greater Than or Equal): Checks if one value is greater than or equal to another.
-
a = 5 b = 10 # Comparison operators print(a == b) # False print(a != b) # True print(a < b) # True print(a > b) # False print(a <= b) # True print(a >= b) # False
6. Logical Operators 🔀
- Logical operators allow you to combine multiple conditions. The main logical operators are:
- and: Returns True if both conditions are True.
- or: Returns True if at least one condition is True.
- not: Returns the opposite of the condition
x = True y = False # Logical operators print(x and y) # False print(x or y) # True print(not x) # False
Exercise_1 - Band Name Generator
- Creare a program that recieves the user name and location then concatinate both to give a unique band name.
print("\n\n~~~~~~~~~~ BAND NAME GENERATOR ~~~~~~~~~~") print("I'll help you genarate a name for your band if you answer the questions below correctly") name = input("What is your name: ") loc = input("Where were you born: ") addr = input("Where do you live: ") print("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ generating name ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~") print(loc + " " + name) print("OR") print(addr + " " + name)- Check below link for complete code.
Exercise_2 - Tip Calculator
- Write Program that calculates the tip amount based on the user's input.
print("Welcome to the tip calculator.")
total_bill = float(input("What was the total bill? $"))
tip_percent = int(input("What percentage of tip would you like to give? 10, 12, or 15? "))
person = int(input("How many person should pay the bill? "))
bill_pp = (total_bill + (tip_percent/100)*total_bill)/person
print("Each person should pay: " ,"{:.2f}".format(round(bill_pp, 2)))- Check below link for complete code.
Exercise_2 - Guess The Number Game
- Check below link for complete code & requirement details .
Exercise_2 - Guess Highe Lower Game
- Check below link for complete code & requirement details .
Conclusion
- This comprehensive guide covers the essential aspects of Python programming, from basic syntax to type handling, mathematical operations, comparison operators, and logical operators.
- Understanding these concepts will lay a strong foundation for your Python journey. Happy coding! 🚀🐍
More Refrence Link for Python Concepts
